LES MOTS DE LIAISON (Linkwörter)

LES MOTS DE LIAISON (Linkwörter)

Les mots de liaisons permettent de structurer l’expression écrite et orale. Ils clarifient le lien entre les idées et sont le reflet d’une pensée structurée. Cependant, ils sont moins utilisés en anglais qu’en français, alors n’en abusez pas ! Les plus courants restent and, but, so et or. Les mots de liaisons sont groupés de manières suivantes.

Pour

ORDONNER LES IDEES

• First(ly), second(ly), finally /latly : premièrement, deuxièmement, finalement
• to sum up, to summarise, in short : pour résumer, en bref
• To conclude, in conclusion : pour conclure

AJOUTER UNE IDEE

Furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides: en outre, de plus, par ailleurs, qui de plus est

Victoria is a great actress. Besides, she is a talented writer.

• besides, in addition to (+N/+V-ing): en plus de I met only three people beside
• also, too: également

         I met Alison, and I met John too

EXPRIMER LE BUT

• For sb(not) to do sth : pour que qqn fasse (ou ne fasse pas) qqc

        The car stopped for me to cross the road.

• To, in order(not) : pour (ne pas), afin de (ne pas), de façon à (ne pas),

          I came to see you. /I came so as not to stay home.

• So (that) : pour que, de façon que

         We’ll modify your car so that it uses less oil.

EXPRIMER LA CAUSE

• As: comme

         As he was late, he decided to run.

• Because: parce que

          I left safe because I knew he was there

• Because of, due to: à cause de, en raison de

         He did not come because of/due to the snow.

• For: car

         She was very proud, for she had done well.

• For (doing sth/having done sth): pour faire/avoir fait qqc

          He was fired for arriving late

• Since: puisque

FAIRE UNE COMPARAISON

• As: comme

         The pupil did as the teacher told him.

• As if, as though: comme si

         Live every day as if it were your last.

EXPRIMER UNE CONDITION

• As long as, on condition that : tant que, à condition que

         You can copy a CD as long as it’s for personal use.

• If: si

          If you keep trying, you will succeed.

• Or else, otherwise, if+not: Sinon

         Don’t drink before you drive, or else you might endanger many human lives

• unless: à moins que

         They won’t do their work unless I threaten them.

EXPRIMER LA CONSEQUENCE

• Consequently, as a consequence, as a result: par conséquent

         Ireland suffered a disastrous famine in the 1840s. Consequently, many people fled abroad.

• So: donc, alors

         He was ill, so he didn’t come to the meeting.

• That’s why : c’est pourquoi

         She hates driving, that’s why she comes by bike.

• Therefore : par conséquent

         He was away, therefore he did not see her.

EXPRIMER LE CONTRASTE ET L’OPPOSITION

• On the contrary : au contraire

         He did not pay. On the contrary, he asked for money.

• Unlike: à la difference de

         Unlike her colleagues, Gina is hardworking.

• Contrary to: contrairement à

         Contrary to popular belief, tomatoes are not vegetables.

• Whereas, while: alors que, tandis que

          She went to law school, whereas she studied maths.

FAIRE DES SUPPOSITIONS ET DES HYPOTHESES

• If: si

         If you help him, he will succeed

         If you helped him, he would succeed

         If you had helped him, he would have succeeded

• Whether (…or): si

          I’m unsure whether I locked the door (or not)

EXPRIMER LA CONCESSION OU LA RESTRICTION

• Although, though, while : bien que, quoique

         Although/ though she was poor, she refused his money.

• Even if, even though, in spite of the fact that : même si, bien que, en dépit du fait que

         He told her the truth, even though he knew she would be upset.

• Despite (= in spite of) : malgré, en dépit de

         The airport stayed open in spite of/ despite the snow.

• Anyway, anyhow : de toute façon

         She told me not to call, but I’ll do it anyway.

• However, still, (and) yet, nevertheless : pourtant, cependant, néanmoins

         We were tired. However, we enjoyed the show.

• Though : pourtant ( souvent en fin de phrase)

          He was angry. He did say thank you though.

• Whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever: peu importe, quoi, qui, quand, ou (que)

          He goes wherever he wants, whenever he wants to.

DONNER UN EXEMPLE

• For example, for instance: par exemple

         My family loves history. My brother, for instance, wants to become a genealogist.

SITUER DANS LE TEMPS

• As : alors que, au moment où

As I entered the room, he laughed at me

• As soon as:  dès que

         I’ll call you as soon as I receive your letter.

• For : depuis, pendant

         It snowed for two hours yesterday.

• Meanwhile/(in the) meantime : pendant ce temps

         The doctor will see you next week. In the meantime, I want you to stay in bed.

• Since: depuis

         It’s been 10 years since I first came here.

• Until (till) : jusqu’à (ce que), (neg) avant

         I’ll wait till Saturday. / I won’t be home until tonight.

• When : quand

         I’ll call you when I get there.

• While: pendant que

          Somebody called while you were away.

• While: as long as tant que

         While/ As long as there’s life, there’s hope.

• Yet : (interrogatif) déjà, (negatif) encore

         In the car, the kids kept asking: « Mummy, are we there yet? » / My work is not finished yet, but I’m quite happy with it.

N.B.  Repérer les mots ayant plusieurs sens afin de les utiliser et de les reconnaitre plus facilement.

Parmi ces mots, notez ceux qui ont à la fois un sens temporel et un sens « logique »

	Temporel	Logique
Since	Depuis	Puisque
Then	Alors	Alors
For	Pendant/depuis	Car
Yet	Déjà	Cependant
While	Pendant que	Alors que
As	Alors que	Comme

 

Going Beyond

LES MOTS DE LIAISON (Linkwörter)

• Since: depuis – It’s been 10 years since I first came here.

Spotting words with multiple meanings helps in their usage and recognition. Link words are important for connecting ideas and creating coherence in writing. For example, since is used to indicate a time frame starting from the past. Similarly, until or till denotes a point in time before a specific event.

Wann is used to indicate the occurrence of an event in relation to another. While can be used to describe actions happening simultaneously. Additionally, yet can have different meanings depending on the context.