{"id":3523,"date":"2022-08-27T09:44:22","date_gmt":"2022-08-27T09:44:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/?page_id=3523"},"modified":"2025-04-25T11:27:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-25T10:27:34","slug":"%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%84%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%83%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%80","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/ru\/%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%84%d0%b5%d1%81%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%83%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%83%d0%b3%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%be-%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%80\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0415\u0421\u0421\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u042c\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0423\u0421\u041b\u0423\u0413\u0418 \u0420\u0415\u0414\u0410\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u041a\u041e\u0420\u0420\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420\u042b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3523\" class=\"elementor elementor-3523\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c243a6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5c243a6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a23a53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a23a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROFESSIONAL EDITING&nbsp;&amp; PROOFING SERVICES<\/p><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6755b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe6755b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Have you already created content?<\/p><p>Do you require an assessment of a completed document or website?<\/p><p>Writing Sense will proofread your document in any language with a focus on grammar, punctuation, and spelling, as well as word choice, terminology, and sentence structure. Your final copy will be flawless, instilling confidence in your readers that your organization is at the top of its game.<\/p><p>Our proofreading services encompass more than thirty languages, so we have you covered.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8303d27 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8303d27\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6013770 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6013770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROFESSIONAL EDITING&amp; PROOFING SERVICES<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-912eae3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"912eae3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What Constitutes Editorial Style?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e34c992 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e34c992\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7402390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7402390\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sometimes people mistake writing style and editorial style. Editors employ a set of rules to make your words consistent and impactful in editorial style, while a writer&#8217;s distinctive voice or use of language may relate to writing style. A skilled book editor will strike a balance between your own writing voice and editorial approach. Studies indicate that maintaining a consistent editorial tone not only enhances the credibility of your work but also simplifies its readability and comprehension.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74ae3a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74ae3a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8acc816 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8acc816\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">LSA GLOBAL Uses What Editorial Slant?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4af5176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4af5176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The majority of significant traditional book publishers and LSA GLOBAL&#8217;s evaluators and editors follow the same industry-standard style rules. Our editors and raters utilized the style dictionary and reference mentioned below. Editors and evaluators may grant exceptions to the normal rules depending on the context of the book or a specific request from an author.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01c5278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01c5278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editorial References<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc2d2f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc2d2f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The Chicago Manual of Style,\u00a016th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010&#8211;.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Merriam-Webster&#8217;s Collegiate Dictionary<\/span>,<\/em>\u00a011th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, 2003.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Here is a summary of some of the editing standards that LSA GLOBAL editors and reviewers adhere to:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2933b3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2933b3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to edit: Numbers and Dates<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51732f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"51732f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The format and style of numbers as they appear in the majority of texts must follow these guidelines:<\/p><p>Use a comma before and after the year in running text (e.g., July 3, 1974).<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Truncate numbers in year ranges (e.g., 1977\u201399).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Spell out whole numbers one through one hundred.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Spell out round numbers greater than one hundred (e.g., two hundred, fifty thousand, etc.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Spell out any number beginning with a sentence.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Centuries should be spelled out and lowercased (e.g., the twenty-first century).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hyphenate the &#8220;tens&#8221; and &#8220;ones&#8221; places in combination numbers (e.g., the one hundred twenty-fifth anniversary).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use hyphens to separate the digits in a telephone number (e.g., 1-800-288-4677).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Always use numerals with percentages. In general copy, spell out percent (e.g., 89 percent). In scientific or technical contexts, use % without a space preceding the symbol (e.g., 89%).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>When using numerals to express monetary amounts, use the symbols $ or \u00a2 (e.g., $45, 53\u00a2). When monetary amounts are spelled out, also spell out dollars or cents (e.g., forty-five dollars, fifty-three cents).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf8bca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2cf8bca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to edit: Capitalization<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2d2e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2d2e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do not capitalize an entire word or phrase for emphasis; use italics instead.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use lowercase letters for a.m. and p.m. (e.g., The train left at 6:00 p.m.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do not capitalize offices or titles unless used as part of a proper noun (e.g., Abraham Lincoln was the president of the United States. Students often study the life of President Abraham Lincoln.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Capitalize personifications (e.g., Mother Nature).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bulleted or numbered list items should begin with a capital letter.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do not capitalize\u00a0<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">him, his,<\/span> or other pronouns referring to deities, such as Jesus. Most Bible translations follow this style.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53e3e45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53e3e45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to edit: Punctuation<\/h3><div><br><\/div><p style=\"margin-top: 0em;margin-bottom: 1em;font-family: Helvetica, serif;font-size: 16px;font-weight: 400;font-style: normal\"><\/p><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b61e959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b61e959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Commas<\/strong><\/p><p>Use a comma for the following reasons:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Between two independent clauses joined by a conjunction. An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence (e.g., I took my shoes off, and I walked on the grass. I took my shoes off and walked on the grass. Because &#8220;walked on the grass&#8221; does not have a separate subject [&#8220;I&#8221;] in the second example, it is not an independent clause. Therefore, no comma is used.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>To separate elements in a series, iUniverse prefers its authors use a comma before the conjunction that precedes the final element in the series, called the series or serial comma (e.g., I learned about stars, comets, and planets.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Before and after the name of a state that is preceded by the city in the middle of a sentence (e.g., One thing and one thing only put South Elgin, Illinois, on the map.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>With introductory phrases (e.g. Finally, they reached their destination.), in direct address (e.g., Thank you, Mom.), and after yes and no (e.g., Yes, that&#8217;s what he said.), especially if a slight pause is intended.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>To separate two adjectives that precede and modify a noun (e.g., He drove the old, rusted car.\u00a0 He drove the light-green car.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f216d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f216d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hyphens, En Dashes, and Em Dashes<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25d2a7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25d2a7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The hyphen (-), the en dash (\u2013), and the em dash (\u2014) all have different purposes and should be used in different situations. All three marks run flush to the text on both sides (with no space on either side).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5c77e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa5c77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 id=\"h-hyphens\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Hyphens<\/span><\/h5><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use hyphens in compound words and to separate characters (in phone numbers, for example). Examples: That is some heavy-duty machinery! He started working a part-time job. I placed a toll-free call.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hyphenate adverb + adjective compounds before, but not after the nouns they modify unless they appear hyphenated in<em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00a0Merriam-Webster<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(e.g., much-loved woman but the woman was much loved).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Compounds with\u00a0most\u00a0and\u00a0least\u00a0and adjectives ending in \u2013ly are not hyphenated (e.g., the beautifully decorated house).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hyphenated adjectival compounds that appear in\u00a0Merriam-Webster&#8217;s\u00a0should be spelled with a hyphen when they follow a noun (e.g., Your point is well-taken.).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h5 id=\"h-en-dashes-and-em-dashes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">En Dashes and Em Dashes<\/span><\/h5><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The en dash is generally used with number ranges to signify &#8220;up to and including,&#8221; &#8220;to,&#8221; or &#8220;through.&#8221; Do not use an en dash if the word &#8220;from&#8221; or the word &#8220;between&#8221; precedes the first element.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>To enter an en dash in Microsoft Word, hold the Ctrl key and press the minus key on the number keypad or hold down the Alt key while typing 0150. Example: You&#8217;ll find the Lord&#8217;s Prayer in Matthew 6:7\u201313. The measure passed with a vote of 154\u201317. The war years, 1939\u201345, were difficult. The war lasted from 1939 to 1945. I lived in Vermont between 1984 and 1986.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The em dash (commonly called a dash) is used to set off a statement within a sentence. It is also used to indicate sudden breaks in dialogue. Do not use a space before or after the em dash.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>To enter an em dash in Microsoft Word, hold the Ctrl and the Alt key and press the minus key on the number keypad, or hold down the Alt key while typing 0151. Examples: Eric\u2014having just discovered the letter\u2014ran down the street after his car. She read works by the beat authors\u2014Kerouac, Ginsberg, and Burroughs\u2014and it showed in her writing. &#8220;I think you should consid\u2014&#8221; was all I heard before the phone went dead.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h5 id=\"h-colons-and-semicolons\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Colons and Semicolons<\/span><\/h5><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A colon is often used to introduce an element or series of elements. It can also be used between two independent clauses (similar to the semicolon) to emphasize sequence. Examples: There are four states of matter: liquid, solid, gas, and plasma. I didn&#8217;t feel threatened by them: after all, I had seen them fight before.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A semicolon is often used to separate two independent clauses not joined by a conjunction. Examples: We reached a fork in the road; two of us went left, and the other three went right.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h5 id=\"h-ellipses\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Ellipses<\/span><\/h5><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use ellipses to indicate broken, stuttered or interrupted dialogue, and incomplete sentences.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>If the omitted material appears immediately after a complete sentence, use a period followed by Microsoft Word&#8217;s ellipsis character (created by holding the Ctrl + Alt + period keys).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>When using the &#8220;four-dot method&#8221; (in which the ellipsis appears after a period) put a space after the ellipses, but not before (.\u2026 ). When only three dots are used, put a space before and after the ellipsis ( \u2026 ).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a6e211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9a6e211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to edit: Grammar Points<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7f6d92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7f6d92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"h-only-use-nor-with-neither\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Only use &#8220;nor&#8221; with &#8220;neither. Write Paralell Sentences<\/span><\/h3><p>\u00a0When a sentence contains two or more ideas that are parallel, try to construct each idea in the same way grammatically.<\/p><p>Examples\u00a0:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Unparallel<em>:\u00a0<\/em>The manager was responsible for\u00a0writing\u00a0orders,\u00a0counting\u00a0inventory, and\u00a0to organize\u00a0the stock room.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Parallel<em>:<\/em>\u00a0The manager was responsible for\u00a0writing\u00a0orders,\u00a0counting\u00a0inventory, and\u00a0organizing\u00a0the stock room.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Unparallel: It would be easier\u00a0to take\u00a0the train than\u00a0changing\u00a0your flight.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Parallel<em>:<\/em> It would be easier to take the train than to change your flight.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>Use passive sentences sparingly, if at all. Because passive sentences usually only show who or what is receiving the action, they leave the reader wondering about who or what in the sentence isperforming\u00a0the action. Another tip-off that a sentence is passive is that it usually contains some form of the verb &#8220;to be&#8221; (e.g., is, are, was, were, had been).<\/p><p>Examples:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Passive<em>:<\/em>\u00a0The meeting\u00a0was\u00a0held last night. (Who\u00a0held the meeting? The meeting is\u00a0receiving\u00a0the action.)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Active<em>:<\/em>\u00a0The\u00a0student council held\u00a0the meeting last night. (The student council held the meeting and is\u00a0giving\u00a0the action.)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Passive<em>:\u00a0<\/em>To accomplish this, the following had\u00a0to be\u00a0considered \u2026 (Who\u00a0had to consider the following?)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Active<em>:<\/em>\u00a0To accomplish this,\u00a0she\u00a0had to\u00a0consider\u00a0the following<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h4 id=\"h-make-nouns-and-pronouns-agree\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Make nouns and pronouns agree.<\/span><\/h4><p>Examples:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Incorrect<em>:<\/em>\u00a0A\u00a0student\u00a0must work hard if\u00a0they\u00a0want to be at the top of\u00a0their\u00a0class.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Correct<em>:\u00a0<\/em>A\u00a0student\u00a0must work hard if\u00a0she\u00a0wants to be at the top of\u00a0her\u00a0class.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Correct<em>:\u00a0<\/em>Students\u00a0must work hard if\u00a0they\u00a0want to be at the top of\u00a0their\u00a0class.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Check your modifiers.\u00a0<\/span><\/h4><p>The best way to check your modifiers is to find sentences that begin with the action rather than the actor. Once you figure out what the action is in the first portion of your sentence, just make sure that you clearly identify the actor in the second part of the sentence. If the actor is not identified, then you&#8217;ve probably got a dangling modifier.<\/p><p>Examples:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Incorrect<em>:<\/em>\u00a0Driving to New England in the early fall,\u00a0the trees\u00a0had begun to turn beautiful colors. (The\u00a0<em>trees<\/em>\u00a0were not driving.)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Correct<em>:<\/em>\u00a0Driving to New England in the fall,\u00a0we\u00a0saw that the trees had begun to turn beautiful colors. (<em>We<\/em>\u00a0were driving.)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbc8f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fdbc8f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to edit: Abbreviations<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c00b799 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c00b799\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>US (United States)\u2014Use this abbreviation only as an adjective. As a noun, spell out &#8220;United States.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For other abbreviations, use periods with lowercased abbreviations but use no period between the letters of an abbreviation in full or small caps (e.g., a.k.a., OPEC, NRA)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use\u00a0i.e.\u00a0and\u00a0e.g. only between parentheses, set in a normal type (not italic or\u00a0 boldface), and followed by a comma.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Word Choice and Consistency<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Capitalize brand names (e.g., Popsicle, Kleenex, Kool-Aid).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Use American English (e.g., criticize\u00a0not\u00a0criticise) unless the context, setting or audience dictates otherwise.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>When\u00a0Merriam-Webster\u00a0lists multiple spellings of a single word, use the topmost spelling (e.g., judgment, not judgement).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"h-commonly-misspelled-and-mis-capitalized-words\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Commonly Misspelled and Mis-capitalized Words<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Acknowledgments (no\u00a0e\u00a0after the\u00a0g)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Foreword (not Forward, when referring to front matter in a book)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Internet (always with a capital\u00a0I)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>e-mail (with a hyphen after the\u00a0e)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"h-in-text-references\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">In-Text References<\/span><\/h3><p>Do not use in-text references that refer the reader to a particular page or page number (e.g., on the previous page or on page 52). When converting your book from an 8.5&#8243; x 11&#8243; page, the formatting and page numbers change, rendering all such references invalid. Make in-text references relative or correct them after formatting your book.<\/p><h3 id=\"h-citation-references-and-bibliographies\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Citation, References, and Bibliographies<\/span><\/h3><p>Authors have two main choices for dealing with sources:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\"><li>Use author-date parenthetical citations within the text, paired with a bibliography.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\"><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"1\"><li>Use endnotes and a bibliography.<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><h3 id=\"h-author-date-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Author-Date System<\/span><\/strong><\/h3><p>When you use something specific from a source, such as a quote or a paraphrase, one option is to use a parenthetical text citation in author-date style. (If you use this method, you will need a bibliography.) For example:<\/p><p>A dog can improve your life by giving you unconditional love, developing responsibility in your children, providing you with security against intruders, and perhaps even lowering your blood pressure (Wyant 1999, 29).<\/p><h3 id=\"h-endnotes-bibliography\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Endnotes\/Bibliography<\/span><\/h3><p>Another option is to create a footnote. Here is an example of how a small numeral is placed within the text to reference a footnote:<\/p><p>Many people have found that caring for these loving companions has actually resulted in lower blood pressure.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p><p>The reader can then look to the corresponding footnote to find information on the book you quoted. In a book, endnotes appear at the end of a chapter or, more commonly (because they are easier to locate), at the back of the book. If you put your endnotes at the back of the book, strongly consider including a bibliography to expand on any publication information that does not appear in the endnotes. Scholarly and general audiences prefer endnotes over footnotes for books. Here is an example of a footnote that you would use in conjunction with a full bibliography:<\/p><p>1. Wyant,\u00a0The Dog Lover&#8217;s Guide to Life,\u00a029.<\/p><p>The corresponding bibliographic entry would give more information:<\/p><p>Wyant, Wendy.\u00a0The Dog Lover&#8217;s Guide to Life: How Your Dog Can Make You a Better Person.\u00a0New York: Star Spirit Press, 1999.<\/p><h3 id=\"h-bibliography-style\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Bibliography Style<\/span><\/h3><p>LSA GLOBAL follows the style below for referencing books and periodicals in bibliographies.<\/p><p>Referencing Books<br \/>Lastname, Firstname.\u00a0Book Title.\u00a0City, State of Publication: Publisher&#8217;s Name, Year.<\/p><p>Referencing Periodicals<br \/>Lastname, Firstname. Year. Title of Journal Article.\u00a0Journal Name\u00a0Vol: Page\u2013Range.<\/p><h3 id=\"h-permissions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Permissions<\/span><\/h3><p>If you&#8217;ve borrowed material from other copyrighted sources, you may find yourself wondering whether you need to seek written permission to use another author&#8217;s words or thoughts. You must cite the source for every quotation or paraphrase you decide to use, but you also need to obtain further permission from the copyright owner before using some borrowed material in your book.<\/p><p>If you&#8217;re still unsure whether you need to seek permission, refer to chapter 4, &#8220;Rights and Permissions,&#8221; in the Chicago Manual of Style<em>.<\/em>\u00a0You can also look to the website of the\u00a0<\/p><p>Once you&#8217;ve determined what permissions are necessary, you&#8217;ll need to send a formal request to the copyright holder. Our\u00a0(PDF 61KB) provides a helpful template for preparing your requests.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links\"><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/course\/general-english-language\/\">General English Language<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/\">LSA GLOBAL | Language Service Academy<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/lessons\/toefl-listening-speaking-writing-tips\/\">17 TOEFL Note -Taking Tips for Listening, Speaking and Writing<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/lessons\/numbers-2\/\">Numbers<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/privacy-policy\/\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f70d35 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5f70d35\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-504ebe3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"504ebe3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Going Beyond<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2167b8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2167b8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f2a69d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f2a69d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/translation-pricing-and-terms\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Pricing Plans and More<\/span><\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da3868c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da3868c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lsa-global.com\/learn-german-language\/\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">German Course<\/span><\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63fd018 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"63fd018\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/lsaglobal-translate.co.uk\/services\/translation-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Translation Pro.<\/span><\/a><\/h5>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PROFESSIONAL EDITING&nbsp;&#038; PROOFING SERVICES Have you already created content? 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